Aggregate Calculator
Estimate crushed stone and aggregate base in tons, cubic yards, and cubic feet.
Your Aggregate Estimate
- Enter dimensions — length and width of the area to cover.
- Set depth — use presets or enter custom depth. 4–6 inches is standard for most base layers.
- Adjust density — 140 lb/ft³ is typical for crushed stone. See the table below for other materials.
- Add waste — 10% is recommended. Increase for uneven ground or areas without hard borders.
- Order material — confirm tonnage with your local quarry or landscape supplier.
Aggregate Density by Type
Different aggregate materials have different densities, which affects how many tons you need per cubic yard. Set the density field in the calculator to match your specific material:
| Material | Density (lb/ft³) | Density (kg/m³) | Tons per Cubic Yard |
|---|---|---|---|
| Crushed limestone | 140 | 2,243 | 1.89 |
| Crushed granite | 145 | 2,323 | 1.96 |
| Gravel (bank run) | 130 | 2,083 | 1.76 |
| Recycled concrete | 135 | 2,163 | 1.82 |
| Slag aggregate | 150 | 2,403 | 2.03 |
| Pea gravel | 120 | 1,922 | 1.62 |
| Decomposed granite | 125 | 2,002 | 1.69 |
Density values are approximate and vary by moisture content, gradation, and source. Ask your quarry for their specific bulk density.
Choosing the Right Aggregate Size
Aggregate size is described by the mesh number or the nominal maximum particle size. For base courses under concrete slabs and asphalt, 3/4-inch or 1-inch crushed stone (#57 or #67 stone) compacts well and provides excellent drainage. For driveways and parking areas, 3/8-inch crusher run (item 4) or #57 stone is standard.
Finer aggregates like decomposed granite or stone dust (0 to 1/4 inch) are used as leveling layers and top dressings. They compact tightly but drain poorly compared to larger stone. For drainage applications behind retaining walls or around French drains, use clean 3/4-inch or 1-inch washed stone without fines.
Formulas Used in This Calculator
Standard volume-to-weight conversion based on your material's density:
Volume (ft³) = Area × (Depth ÷ 12)
Volume + waste = Volume × (1 + Waste %)
Weight (lb) = Volume × Density (lb/ft³)
Weight (tons) = Weight (lb) ÷ 2,000
Cubic yards = Volume (ft³) ÷ 27
Default density is 140 lb/ft³ for crushed limestone. Change the density field to match your specific aggregate material.
Related Calculators
Aggregate is used in concrete mixes and as a sub-base. Browse the construction calculator collection.
Frequently Asked Questions
How many tons of aggregate are in a cubic yard?
It depends on the material. Crushed limestone runs about 1.89 tons per cubic yard. Pea gravel is lighter at about 1.62 tons per yard. Granite is heavier at roughly 1.96 tons. Check the density table above for your specific aggregate.
How deep should an aggregate base be under a concrete slab?
For residential slabs (patios, sidewalks), 4 inches of compacted aggregate base is standard. Garage floors and driveways need 6 to 8 inches. Commercial slabs may require 12 inches or more depending on soil conditions and loading.
What is the compaction factor for aggregate?
Loose aggregate compacts to about 80–85% of its uncompacted volume. If you need 4 inches of compacted base, order enough for approximately 5 inches of loose depth to account for compaction. The waste factor in the calculator helps cover this difference.
What is the difference between aggregate and gravel?
Aggregate is the broad term for any crushed stone, gravel, or sand used in construction. Gravel is naturally occurring and rounded. Crushed stone is mechanically broken and has angular edges that compact and interlock better. For structural concrete and base layers, crushed aggregate is preferred. Pea gravel and river rock are smooth aggregates used for drainage and landscaping.
How much does a cubic yard of aggregate weigh?
Crushed stone aggregate weighs approximately 2,700–3,000 lbs per cubic yard (1.35–1.5 tons). For ordering, use 1.4 tons per cubic yard as a safe estimate for standard crushed stone. Always confirm weight with your supplier — moisture content affects delivered weight significantly.